ECOVACS DEEBOT Vacuum and Base Station
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v4 8.6
- ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
- Vendor: ECOVACS
- Equipment: DEEBOT Vacuum and Base Station
- Vulnerabilities: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key, Download of Code Without Integrity Check
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to send malicious updates to the devices or execute code.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
ECOVACS reports the following DEEBOT vacuum and base station devices are affected:
- X1S PRO: Versions prior to 2.5.38
- X1 PRO OMNI: Versions prior to 2.5.38
- X1 OMNI: Versions prior to 2.4.45
- X1 TURBO: Versions prior to 2.4.45
- T10 Series: Versions prior to 1.11.0
- T20 Series: Versions prior to 1.25.0
- T30 Series: Versions prior to 1.100.0
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key CWE-321
ECOVACS robot vacuums and base stations communicate via an insecure Wi-Fi network with a deterministic WPA2-PSK. The key can be easily derived from the device serial number.
CVE-2025-30198 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-30198. A base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.2 Download of Code Without Integrity Check CWE-494
ECOVACS vacuum robot base stations do not validate firmware updates, so malicious over-the-air updates can be sent to base station via insecure connection between robot and base station.
CVE-2025-30199 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-30199. A base score of 8.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.3 Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key CWE-321
ECOVACS robot vacuums and base stations communicate via an insecure Wi-Fi network with a deterministic AES encryption key, which can be easily derived from the device serial number.
CVE-2025-30200 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-30200. A base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Commercial Facilities
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: China
3.4 RESEARCHER
Dennis Giese, Braelynn Luedtke, and Chris Anderson reported these vulnerabilities to ECOVACS.
4. MITIGATIONS
ECOVACS has released software updates for the X1S PRO and X1 PRO OMNI. The remaining affected products will have updates available by May 31, 2025. Devices that support automatic updates will receive system update notifications. ECOVACS has proactively pushed the update to users, ensuring all users will be covered by May 31st. Users can complete the fix by performing the system update.
For more information, see ECOVACS security advisory.
Users can contact ECOVACS using information provided on their website.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as virtual private networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
- Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
- Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
- Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.
5. UPDATE HISTORY
- May 15, 2025: Initial Publication
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