Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, Cobalt Share
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v4 8.4
- ATTENTION: Low attack complexity
- Vendor: Ashlar-Vellum
- Equipment: Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, Cobalt Share
- Vulnerabilities: Out-of-bounds Write, Out-of-bounds Read, Heap-based Buffer Overflow
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to disclose information and execute arbitrary code.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Ashlar-Vellum products are affected:
- Cobalt: All versions prior to 12.6.1204.204
- Xenon: All versions prior to 12.6.1204.204
- Argon: All versions prior to 12.6.1204.204
- Lithium: All versions prior to 12.6.1204.204
- Cobalt Share: All versions prior to 12.6.1204.204
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 OUT-OF-BOUNDS WRITE CWE-787
In Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions prior to 12.6.1204.204, the affected applications lack proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing CO files. This could lead to an out-of-bounds write. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
CVE-2025-53705 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-53705. A base score of 8.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.2 OUT-OF-BOUNDS READ CWE-125
In Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions prior to 12.6.1204.204, the affected applications lack proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing AR files. This could lead to an out-of-bounds read. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
CVE-2025-41392 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-41392. A base score of 8.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.3 HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122
In Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions prior to 12.6.1204.204, the affected applications lack proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing XE files. This could lead to a heap-based buffer overflow. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
CVE-2025-52584 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-52584. A base score of 8.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.4 HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122
In Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions prior to 12.6.1204.204, the affected applications lack proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing VC6 files. This could lead to a heap-based buffer overflow. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
CVE-2025-46269 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CCVE-2025-46269. A base score of 8.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States
3.4 RESEARCHER
Michael Heinzl reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
Ashlar-Vellum recommends users update to Versions 12.6.1204.204 and above of the affected products.
- Ashlar-Vellum strongly recommends that all users update Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share to the latest supported version by selecting Help > Check Web for Updates from the application's main menu.
- Users should only open CO/XE/AR/LI files or import supported file formats from trusted sources.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
- Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
- Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
- Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. This these vulnerabilities is are not exploitable remotely.
5. UPDATE HISTORY
- August 12, 2025: Initial Publication
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